SANT RAFEL DE SA CREU
These churches have lent their names to the towns where the parishes are located. They include: Sant Rafel de sa Creu, Santa Agnès de Corona, Sant Mateu d’Aubarca, Santa Gertrudis de Fruitera, Sant Llorenç de Balàfia, Sant Carles de Peralta and Sant Agustí des Vedrà. They are currently catalogued as Assets of Cultural Interest.
Plus, we should also bear in mind the defensive purpose of these early churches, which were charged with protecting a population that was often the target of Saracen incursions. This imperative led the churches from this time to have characteristics of this defensive function, namely the presence of battlements. The churches from this early period are the ones in Sant Antoni de Portmany, Santa Eulària del Riu, Sant Miquel de Balansat and Sant Jordi de ses Salines, which today are all located in urban nuclei.
But the route we are concerned with belongs to another period in the history of the island of Ibiza, the 18th century, the age of the Enlightenment. Major changes were underway on Ibiza and Formentera during this time due to important historical events: Philip V’s Nueva Planta Decrees and the presence on Ibiza of figures from the world of politics and religion who ascribed to the thinking of the Enlightenment.
In 1782, Pope Pius VI handed down a papal bull creating the bishopric of Ibiza. This led to the presence on the island of bishop Manuel Abad y Lasierra (Estadella, Huesca, 1724 – Zaragoza, 1806), who reached Ibiza in February 1784.When he arrived he visited both islands in order to learn firsthand about the real situation of the population (according to him, around 15,000 people) in the rural counties where there were plans to build the rural parishes, as at first his main concern revolved around creating nuclei of houses around the new churches, which would later become towns.
The plan devised by Abad y Lasierra meant the creation of churches that have lent their names to many towns on the island of Ibiza. These churches make a fascinating route of the rural churches dating from the Enlightenment.
All of the churches on the route have certain common features: the construction of a rectangular-shaped nave onto which several different additions were built, such as porticoed areas, entrance courtyards, parish houses and chapels.
These churches no long have defensive features like the primitive churches from the 14th century, but it can be clearly seen how they are integrated into the complexes of the preceding churches. Nor can we identify a clearly defined historical architectural style, rather the subtle presence of features common to the time in which they were built.
Sant Rafel de sa Creu
During his visit to the island in 1867, Archduke Louis Salvador said the following about the landscape that could be seen from the puig or hill where the church is located: “Lovely are the views that can be seen, especially looking towards the Pla de Vila, at the end of which appears the city of Ibiza, like a swan swaying on the waves, and the island of Formentera barely visible way out there with a dark, misty ink, barely distinguishable from the sea surrounding it”. Now that the town has been declared an area of crafts interest, you can visit the different ceramic workshops. To continue the route, you have to enter the tiny town and take the motorway leading to Santa Agnès de Corona.
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